Part 2:
You can use a capacitor and a resistor to the inputs and outputs of your circuit to block dangerous DC voltage from accidentally damaging sensitive items like headphones or your laptop’s headphone jack.
Part 4a:
Gain = 1 + R2/R1 = 1 + (10,000/10,000) = 2
Part 4b:
Gain = -Rf/Rin = -10,000/4,700 = 2.127
The sine waves are inverted with the inverted amplifier.